CAT — Parajumble
10 questions, free to view. Click any question to see the answer and explanation.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. It can in fact be integrated into any function (education, medical treatment, production, punishment); it can increase the effect of this function, by being linked closely with it; it can constitute a mixed mechanism in which relations of power (and of knowledge) may be precisely adjusted, in the smallest detail, to the processes that are to be supervised; it can establish a direct proportion between 'surplus power' and 'surplus production'.
2. It's a case of 'it's easy once you've thought of it' in the political sphere.
3. The panoptic mechanism is not simply a hinge, a point of exchange between a mechanism of power and a function; it is a way of making power relations function in a function, and of making a function function through these power relations.
4. In short, it arranges things in such a way that the exercise of power is not added on from the outside, like a rigid, heavy constraint, to the functions it invests, but is so subtly present in them as to increase their efficiency by itself increasing its own points of contact.
Sentence 2 introduces the general observation about the panoptic mechanism being simple once understood, using a light tone to frame the discussion. Sentence 1 then explains in detail the many ways the mechanism can be integrated and applied across various functions. Sentence 4 then draws the broader conclusion, that the mechanism arranges power so subtly that it enhances the efficiency of whatever it invests. Sentence 3 closes by offering the most theoretical and precise summary of what the panoptic mechanism is, framing the entire idea as something more than just a hinge or exchange point. This gives the sequence 2143.
Key Takeaway: Move from the casual or accessible observation first, through the detailed application, to the broader inference, and finally to the most abstract or precise theoretical formulation.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. 'Literature on screen' suggests something more capacious and defining than citation: the possibility that literary adaptations are at once cinema and literature.
2. Even though a growing number of films eligible for Academy Awards for Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium borrow that material from print journalism, franchise characters, television series, comic books, video games and toys, academic studies of adaptation remain stubbornly attached to literature as cinema's natural progenitor.
3. It is as if adaptation studies, by borrowing the cultural cachet of literature, sought to claim its institutional respectability and gravitas even while insuring adaptation's enduring aesthetic and methodological subordination to literature proper.
4. Beneath this contradictory notion of film adaptations as not merely hybrid texts but texts holding dual citizenship in two modes of presentation is an even more pervasive legacy that haunts adaptation studies: the assumption that the primary context within which adaptations are to be studied is literature.
Sentence 1 introduces the core idea, adaptations existing as both cinema and literature. Sentence 4 picks this up with "this contradictory notion," referring back to the dual citizenship idea in sentence 1, and introduces the deeper assumption that literature is treated as cinema's natural source. Sentence 2 supports this by noting that despite films increasingly adapting non-literary material, academic study still clings to literature as cinema's progenitor. Sentence 3 closes by explaining the motive, borrowing literature's prestige while keeping adaptation studies subordinate to it. This gives the sequence 1423.
Key Takeaway: Pointer words like "this" usually refer to a specific idea stated just before, and locking such pairs together first makes sequencing easier.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. The effigy of a candidate establishes a personal link between him and the voters; the candidate does not only offer a programme for judgement, he suggests a physical climate, a set of daily choices expressed in a morphology, a way of dressing, a posture.
2. Some candidates for Parliament adorn their electoral prospectus with a portrait; this presupposes that photography has a power to convert which must be analysed.
3. Inasmuch as photography is an ellipse of language and a condensation of an 'ineffable' social whole, it constitutes an anti-intellectual weapon and tends to spirit away 'politics' (that is to say a body of problems and solutions) to the advantage of a 'manner of being', a socio-moral status.
4. Photography tends to restore the paternalistic nature of elections, whose elitist essence has been disrupted by proportional representation and the rule of parties (the Right seems to use it more than the Left).
Sentence 2 introduces the topic, candidates using portraits on prospectuses and photography's power to convert. Sentence 1 follows by explaining how this works, that the effigy of a candidate creates a personal link with voters through implied lifestyle and morphology. Sentence 4 then builds on this personal link to argue that photography restores a paternalistic nature to elections that proportional representation had disrupted. Sentence 3 concludes by explaining the broader implication, that photography acts as an anti-intellectual weapon shifting attention from political substance to personal manner. This gives the sequence 2143.
Key Takeaway: Trace the argument from the specific practice introduced first, through its mechanism, to its political effect, and finally to its broader implication, to build the correct sequence.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. But man, woman or otherwise, there is no denying that the quality of our life and character will be significantly shaped by the way we handle our anger.
2. Once the taboos have been broken, women usually experience letting their fists fly as intensely liberating.
3. Though this might seem a stereotype, women—unlike men, who are frequently applauded for unbridled aggression—are often socialized to keep a lid on their ire.
4. Many of them are so at odds with their aggressive feelings that, as a coach, I often have to stop them from pulling their punches and encourage them to extend their arms so their blows might actually reach their fleshy target.
Sentence 3 introduces the generalisation that women, unlike men, are often socialised to suppress their anger. Sentence 4 follows with a specific coaching example of women literally holding back, pulling their punches. Sentence 2 then describes the liberation women experience once those taboos are broken and they allow themselves to express aggression fully. Sentence 1 closes with the broader takeaway that regardless of gender, handling anger well shapes character and quality of life. This gives the sequence 3421.
Key Takeaway: Move from a general social observation, to a specific behavioural example, to the emotional resolution of that behaviour, and finally to the universal conclusion that encompasses the earlier gender-specific point.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. What precisely are the "unusual elements" that make a particular case so attractive to a certain kind of audience?
2. It might be a particularly savage or unfathomable level of depravity, very often it has something to do with the precise amount of mystery involved.
3. Unsolved, and perhaps unsolvable cases offer something that "ordinary" murder doesn't.
4. Why are some crimes destined for perpetual re-examination and others locked into permanent obscurity?
Sentence 4 opens with the broad question of why some crimes get perpetual re-examination and others permanent obscurity. Sentence 1 narrows this by asking specifically what unusual elements make a case attractive to certain audiences. Sentence 2 begins to answer this by suggesting it might be depravity or mystery. Sentence 3 then explains what unsolved cases offer that ordinary murders don't, completing the argument.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. Like the ants that make up a colony, no single neuron holds complex information like self-awareness, hope or pride.
2. Although the human brain is not yet understood enough to identify the mechanism by which emergence functions, most neurobiologists agree that complex interconnections among the parts give rise to qualities that belong only to the whole.
3. Nonetheless, the sum of all neurons in the nervous system generate complex human emotions like fear and joy, none of which can be attributed to a single neuron.
4. Human consciousness is often called an emergent property of the human brain.
Sentence 4 introduces the concept of human consciousness as an emergent property of the brain. Sentence 1 uses the ant colony analogy to illustrate that no single neuron holds complex information. Sentence 3 then extends this with the nonetheless turn, saying the sum of all neurons generates complex emotions that no single neuron can produce. Sentence 2 closes by acknowledging that while the mechanism is not fully understood, neurobiologists agree that complex interconnections give rise to qualities belonging only to the whole. This gives the sequence 4132.
Key Takeaway: Move from the introduction of a concept, through an analogy illustrating its components, to the emergent outcome of combining those components, and finally to the theoretical explanation of why emergence occurs.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. Contemporary African writing like 'The Bottled Leopard' voices this theme using two children and two backgrounds to juxtapose two varying cultures.
2. Chukwuemeka Ike explores the conflict, and casts the Western tradition as condescending, enveloping and unaccommodating towards local African practice.
3. However, their views contradict the reality, for a rich and sustaining local African cultural ethos exists for all who care, to see and experience.
4. Western Christian concepts tend to deny or feign ignorance about the existence of a genuine and enduring indigenous African tradition.
Sentence 4 introduces the premise that Western Christian concepts deny or feign ignorance about genuine indigenous African tradition. Sentence 3 provides the counter-reality, that a rich and sustaining local African cultural ethos does exist. Sentence 1 introduces the specific novel that voices this theme using two children and backgrounds to juxtapose two cultures. Sentence 2 narrows further to the author Chukwuemeka Ike, who explores this conflict and casts the Western tradition as condescending and unaccommodating. This gives the sequence 4312.
Key Takeaway: Move from the general premise about Western denial of African tradition, through the counter-reality, to the specific literary work voicing this theme, and finally to the author's specific treatment of the conflict.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. Algorithms hosted on the internet are accessed by many, so biases in AI models have resulted in much larger impact, adversely affecting far larger groups of people.
2. Though "algorithmic bias" is the popular term, the foundation of such bias is not in algorithms, but in the data; algorithms are not biased, data is, as algorithms merely reflect persistent patterns that are present in the training data.
3. Despite their widespread impact, it is relatively easier to fix AI biases than human-generated biases, as it is simpler to identify the former than to try to make people unlearn behaviors learnt over generations.
4. The impact of biased decisions made by humans is localised and geographically confined, but with the advent of AI, the impact of such decisions is spread over a much wider scale.
Sentence 4 introduces the contrast between localised human bias and the wider-scale impact of AI bias. Sentence 1 follows by explaining why AI bias has a larger impact, since algorithms hosted online are accessed by many. Sentence 2 then clarifies the terminological issue, that algorithmic bias is really a data problem. Sentence 3 closes with the comparative point that AI biases are actually easier to fix than human biases despite their scale.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. When I ask the distinguished LGBTQ activist and writer Cherie Moraga whether she uses Latinx to refer to herself, she tells me, 'I worked too hard for the "a" in Latina to give it up! I refer to myself as Xicana.'
2. Of our accumulated ethnic population, only a third use Hispanic to identify themselves, a mere 14 percent use Latino, and less than 2 percent recognize Latinx.
3. They have done this, although gender in languages is grammatical, not sociological or sexual, and found in linguistic families throughout the world, from French to Russian to Japanese.
4. More recently, activists seeking to render our name gender neutral, out of respect for our LGBTQ members, have devised yet another name for us: Latinx.
Sentence 4 introduces the topic, the recent coining of "Latinx" as a gender-neutral term by activists. Sentence 3 follows by addressing the linguistic basis for this move, pointing out that grammatical gender exists across many language families. Sentence 1 then gives a specific example, Cherie Moraga's preference to retain "Latina" rather than adopt "Latinx". Sentence 2 closes with statistics showing how few people actually use Latinx compared to Hispanic or Latino. This gives the sequence 4312.
Key Takeaway: Move from the general introduction of a concept, through its linguistic or contextual basis, to a specific example, and finally to broader supporting data, to construct the correct sequence.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer.
1. As books age, the cellulose and lignin in the paper begin to break down, releasing a mix of volatile organic compounds into the air.
2. Old books carry a scent that many people instantly recognize—and even love.
3. These compounds are benzaldehyde, which gives off an almond-like scent, vanillin, which smells like vanilla, ethyl hexanol (floral scent), toluene (sweet), and furfural (which has a slightly bready scent).
4. This familiar aroma isn't just dust or mildew; it's actually a result of slow chemical changes happening inside the paper and ink.
Sentence 2 introduces the topic, the distinctive scent of old books that people instantly recognise. Sentence 4 follows by clarifying that this aroma is not dust or mildew but a result of chemical changes in the paper and ink. Sentence 1 then explains the mechanism behind this, the breakdown of cellulose and lignin releasing volatile organic compounds. Sentence 3 closes by naming the specific compounds responsible and describing their individual scents. This gives the sequence 2413.
Key Takeaway: Build the sequence by first identifying the general introductory claim, then locating the sentence that clarifies or corrects a common misconception about it, before moving to the specific mechanism and details.
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